{"id":643,"date":"2021-04-21T08:19:05","date_gmt":"2021-04-21T08:19:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/CLD\/?p=643"},"modified":"2021-04-21T08:19:05","modified_gmt":"2021-04-21T08:19:05","slug":"glossary-related-to-coronavirus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/CLD\/glossary-related-to-coronavirus\/","title":{"rendered":"Glossary Related to Coronavirus"},"content":{"rendered":"

English > Simplified Chinese<\/p>\n

Linda Golley<\/p>\n

Translators and editors: Pency Tsai, Tingting Qin, Min Chen, Mingshu Zhang, Junqiao Chen, Fang Gann, Yongmei Li, Renee Wang, and Liming Pals<\/p>\n

\n

Introduction<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\"\"This glossary was the product of a watch party hosted by Min Chen and Liming Pals while participating in a free webinar named “Interpreting Coronavirus” on March 31st, 2020. The speaker was Linda Golley. She has a background in direct patient care, as well as in managing and training healthcare interpreters. She created the class Infection Control and Industrial Safety for Medical Interpreters<\/em>. Ms. Golley presently creates classes for healthcare staff, social workers, and interpreters as a Training and Development Specialist at MasterWord Services.<\/p>\n

Before the webinar, we were given a glossary template, which was then divided into six parts to be translated by the colleagues who were in the watch party. Min Chen, Fang Gann, Liming Pals, Junqiao Che, Mingshu Zhang and Pency Tsai translated this glossary and many other colleagues provided feedback and revisions.<\/p>\n

We would like to share this glossary with all of you, our fellow linguists. We also welcome any feedback and recommendations. If you have any feedback or questions, please do not hesitate to contact Liming Pals at limingpals@gmail.com.<\/p>\n

\n

Virus Biology<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Term<\/strong><\/td>\nDefinition<\/strong><\/td>\nTranslation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
coronavirus as a group<\/td>\nGroup of related animal and human viruses which share an appearance like a crown. Includes SARS, MERS, and common cold viruses. RNA viruses. Infect the respiratory tract: lungs, airways.<\/td>\n\u00a0\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2(\u6cdb\u79f0\uff09<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

coronavirus, shorthand for the organism causing the pandemic<\/td>\nPopular name of the specific virus causing pandemic.<\/p>\n

Do NOT say Chinese virus<\/td>\n

\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u8fd9\u573a\u5168\u7403\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

COVID-19<\/td>\nName of disease caused by SARS CoV-2<\/td>\n\u00a02019\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08\u75be\uff09\u75c5<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

novel coronavirus<\/td>\nA newly active coronavirus in humans. We called SARS CoV-2 this before it had been identified and studied.<\/td>\n\u00a0\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
SARS CoV-2<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

Name of virus causing present pandemic<\/td>\n\u00a0\u4e25\u91cd\u6025\u6027\u547c\u5438\u7efc\u5408\u75c7\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd22<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

virus<\/td>\nGroup of extremely small living things which do not have a cell structure of their own. Viruses must take over a cell of a different organism and use the cell\u2019s tools to reproduce itself.<\/p>\n

Do NOT say germ or bacteria.<\/td>\n

\u00a0\u75c5\u6bd2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
zoonotic virus<\/td>\nVirus which lives in an animal host normally, but which has now mutated to being able to infect humans and reproduce in humans as well.<\/td>\n\u52a8\u7269\u6e90\u75c5\u6bd2<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Viral Illness<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Term<\/strong><\/td>\nDefinition<\/strong><\/td>\nTranslation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
anosmia<\/td>\nLoss of sense of smell<\/td>\n\u00a0\u55c5\u89c9\u4e27\u5931<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
asymptomatic<\/td>\nNot showing any symptoms. Do NOT say person is not sick.<\/td>\n\u00a0\u65e0\u75c7\u72b6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
incubation period<\/td>\nPeriod of time from time first virus lands on hospitable tissue and begins to reproduce to the time that the person feels ill. Incubation period for Covid-19 is variable from about 5 to 12 days.<\/td>\n\u00a0\u6f5c\u4f0f\u671f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
septic shock<\/td>\nOver-reaction of the body to an infection, so that immune cells attach the body itself and can cause organ failure<\/td>\n <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8d25\u8840\u6027\u4f11\u514b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

signs<\/td>\nMeasurable indications of disease: fever, vomiting<\/td>\n\u00a0\u75c7\u5146<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

symptoms<\/td>\nFeelings of being ill, for example: pain, nausea<\/td>\n\u00a0\u75c7\u72b6<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
syndrome<\/td>\nSet of abnormal conditions which appear together<\/td>\n\u00a0\u7efc\u5408\u75c7<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
underlying conditions<\/td>\nSignificant medical condition which pre-existed the current illness<\/td>\n\u00a0\u57fa\u7840\u75be\u75c5<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

viral pneumonia, and secondary bacterial pneumonia<\/td>\nCovid-19 can include viral pneumonia, or infection of the lungs directly by the virus. This weakens the lungs and makes them easy for bacteria to infect as well, which causes severe illness.<\/td>\n <\/p>\n

\u7ee7\u53d1\u7ec6\u83cc\u6027\u80ba\u708e<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Transmission of Disease<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Term<\/strong><\/td>\nDefinition<\/strong><\/td>\nTranslation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
transmission<\/td>\nMove from one place to another. Virus can be transmitted from people to people or from environment to person. SARS CoV-2 is transmitted between humans via respiratory droplets.<\/td>\n\u4f20\u64ad<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
contamination<\/td>\nGerms present on surface or in a substance<\/td>\n\u6c61\u67d3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
viral shedding<\/td>\nInfected person\u2019s body sends out virus in breath, tears, poop, urine, mucous membranes, regardless of whether person has symptoms<\/td>\n\u75c5\u6bd2\u8131\u843d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
droplets<\/td>\nWater and mucous that is expelled from the lungs and respiratory system into the air upon breathing, coughing , and sneezing<\/td>\n\u98de\u6cab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
exposure to the virus<\/td>\nA person was close enough to a sick person or was in an environment in which a sick person was recently present and possibly shedding virus<\/td>\n\u63a5\u89e6\u75c5\u6bd2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
infection<\/td>\nThe virus has landed on tissue which allows the virus to take over cells and reproduce themselves<\/td>\n\u611f\u67d3<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
colonization<\/td>\nThe human host has the virus on or in the body, but the virus is not reproducing and is not making the host sick.<\/td>\n\u79fb\u751f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
infectious person<\/td>\nPerson is capable of infecting other humans. With covid-19 a person infects others via shedding virus into respiratory droplets which are coughed out and breathed out, primarily. Covid-19 patients also shed virus in poop.<\/td>\n\u6709\u4f20\u67d3\u6027\u7684\u4eba<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
antibody formation<\/td>\nThe body identifies an enemy and creates molecules which bond with the enemy pieces\u00a0 when it finds them, and targets these enemy pieces for destruction<\/td>\n\u00a0\u6297\u4f53\u751f\u6210<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

virulence<\/td>\nHow damaging the disease is to the infected person. Covid-19 is more virulent than the common cold, and less virulent than SARS and MERS.<\/td>\n\u00a0\u6bd2\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
infectiousness<\/td>\nHow easily the virus can be transmitted from one human to another. Measles is extremely infectious, whereas HIV is not very infectious.<\/td>\n\u00a0\u4f20\u67d3\u6027<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
route of transmission<\/td>\nThe way that a virus is transmitted or moved between people. SARS CoV-2 is transmitted by droplets, not by sexual contact nor by oral-fecal route.<\/td>\n\u00a0\u4f20\u64ad\u9014\u5f84<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
stealth spreaders<\/td>\nPeople who move through the community shedding virus and infecting others, without a clue that they are doing so<\/td>\n\u9690\u5f62\u4f20\u64ad\u8005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Prevention of Viral Disease and Management of the Pandemic<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Term<\/strong><\/td>\nDefinition<\/strong><\/td>\nTranslation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
antibacterial soap and products<\/td>\nKills bacteria. NOT effective against viruses.<\/td>\n\u00a0\u6297\u83cc\u7682\u548c\u6297\u83cc\u4ea7\u54c1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
antibiotic<\/td>\nMedication kills bacteria, not effective against viruses.<\/td>\n\u00a0\u6297\u751f\u7d20<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
antibodies<\/td>\nElements created in a person\u2019s body which will recognize the specific virus that the person has been exposed to, either by vaccination or by previous exposure to the disease, and which attach and destroy the virus<\/td>\n\u00a0\u6297\u4f53<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
disinfectant, anti-microbial<\/td>\nEffective against most viruses, bacteria, and fungi<\/td>\n\u6d88\u6bd2\u5242\uff0c \u6297\u83cc\u5242<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
epidemic<\/td>\nFast spread of a significant disease<\/td>\n\u4f20\u67d3\u75c5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
isolation<\/td>\nKeeping a person away from others, either if he is sick or is trying to not get sick, or if he wants to stay apart until it is clear whether he is sick or not<\/td>\n\u00a0\u9694\u79bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
pandemic<\/td>\nFast spread of a significant disease over a very large geographic area<\/td>\n\u00a0\u6d41\u884c\u75c5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
presumed vs confirmed case<\/td>\nA presumed infected case is a person who is showing symptoms consistent with the disease, but a test to confirm this has not been done. A confirmed case is a person whose RNA test has come back showing that the person\u2019s body has the virus active in it.<\/td>\n\u7591\u4f3c\u75c5\u4f8b\u5bf9\u6bd4\u786e\u8bca\u75c5\u4f8b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
quarantine<\/td>\nSeparation of people who are not sick but who have been exposed to illness, to wait out the incubation period<\/td>\n\u00a0\u9694\u79bb\/\u5f3a\u5236\u9694\u79bb<\/p>\n

\uff08\u7406\u7531\uff1a\u5251\u6865\u5b57\u5178\u7684\u5b9a\u4e49\u662f\uff1aimpose isolation on (a person, animal or place)\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u7ffb\u8bd1\u6210\u9694\u79bb\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0eisolation\u65e0\u5f02\u4e86\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

screening for coronavirus<\/td>\nNOT a test. Screening is a check for symptoms or signs, but does not involve taking samples of body fluids. Screening takes only minutes, may be a questionnaire and temperature.<\/td>\n\u00a0\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u7b5b\u67e5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
shelter in place<\/td>\nStaying home and going out very seldom<\/td>\n\u5c45\u5bb6\u4ee4\/\u5c31\u5730\u9694\u79bb\/\u5c45\u5bb6\u907f\u75ab<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Shielding<\/td>\nKeeping vulnerable people away from public contact<\/td>\n\u9632\u62a4<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
social distancing<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

Maintaining 3 to 6 feet of distance between people, as well as staying home away from contact with others<\/td>\n\u00a0\u4fdd\u6301\u793e\u4ea4\u8ddd\u79bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
testing for coronavirus antibodies, serological survey<\/td>\nReveals if a person has been exposed to a virus and has produced antibodies, even if the person never felt sick<\/td>\n\u00a0\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2\u6297\u4f53\u6d4b\u8bd5\uff0c\u8840\u6e05\u5b66\u68c0\u6d4b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
testing for coronavirus-RNA<\/td>\nReveals if person\u2019s body fluids contain recognizable fragments of the RNA from the specific virus<\/td>\n\u00a0\u51a0\u72b6\u75c5\u6bd2-\u6838\u7cd6\u6838\u9178\u6d4b\u8bd5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Vaccination<\/td>\nInjecting a portion of the viral proteins so as to trigger a person to create protective antibodies<\/td>\n\u75ab\u82d7<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Treatment of Viral Disease<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Term<\/strong><\/td>\nDefinition<\/strong><\/td>\nTranslation<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
antiviral medication<\/td>\nNo medication is presently effective against SARS CoV-2, but if such a medication is developed, it will specifically target a process that the virus uses to break into cells or a process that allows the virus to make copies of itself<\/td>\n\u00a0\u6297\u75c5\u6bd2\u836f\u7269<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
respirator<\/td>\nA machine which assists the lungs to breathe and to deliver enough oxygen to the blood moving through the alveoli<\/p>\n

Distinguish from respirator mask, which is used to protect against airborne disease like tuberculosis.<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

\u00a0\u547c\u5438\u5668<\/p>\n

\uff08\u6ce8\uff1arespirator mask \u662f\u53e3\u7f69\uff09<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

triage<\/td>\nAssessing how serious the patient\u2019s condition is, and how likely it is that treatment will help them<\/td>\n\u5206\u8bca<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
ventilator<\/td>\nSee \u201crespirator.\u201d<\/td>\n\u00a0\u547c\u5438\u673a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Related Device and Medicine <\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Personal Protective Equipment –PPE<\/td>\n\u4e2a\u4eba\u9632\u62a4\u88c5\u5907<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
median incubation period<\/td>\n\u4e2d\u4f4d\u6f5c\u4f0f\u671f<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
presymptomactic<\/td>\n\u75c7\u72b6\u663e\u73b0\u524d\u7684<\/td>\n\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7c7b\u5c1a\u672b\u6709\u75c7\u72b6, \u4f46\u5c06\u51fa\u73b0\u75c7\u72b6\u7684\u6838\u9178\u9633\u6027\u60a3\u8005;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
asymptomatic<\/td>\n\u65e0\u4e34\u5e8a\u75c7\u72b6\u7684<\/td>\n\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u76f4\u4e0d\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u75c7\u72b6\u7684\u60a3\u8005<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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