{"id":711,"date":"2024-10-14T08:00:53","date_gmt":"2024-10-14T12:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/?p=711"},"modified":"2024-10-14T18:32:10","modified_gmt":"2024-10-14T22:32:10","slug":"resource-roundup-3-%e5%b0%91%e7%b4%8d%e8%a8%80-kotonoha%e3%80%8c%e7%8f%be%e4%bb%a3%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%ac%e8%aa%9e%e6%9b%b8%e3%81%8d%e8%a8%80%e8%91%89%e5%9d%87%e8%a1%a1%e3%82%b3%e3%83%bc%e3%83%91%e3%82%b9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/2024\/10\/14\/resource-roundup-3-%e5%b0%91%e7%b4%8d%e8%a8%80-kotonoha%e3%80%8c%e7%8f%be%e4%bb%a3%e6%97%a5%e6%9c%ac%e8%aa%9e%e6%9b%b8%e3%81%8d%e8%a8%80%e8%91%89%e5%9d%87%e8%a1%a1%e3%82%b3%e3%83%bc%e3%83%91%e3%82%b9\/","title":{"rendered":"Resource Roundup 3: \u5c11\u7d0d\u8a00 KOTONOHA\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u65e5\u672c\u8a9e\u66f8\u304d\u8a00\u8449\u5747\u8861\u30b3\u30fc\u30d1\u30b9\u300d"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_1.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-715 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_1-300x136.png\" alt=\"screenshot of the kotonoha landing page\" width=\"300\" height=\"136\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_1-300x136.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_1-1024x463.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_1-768x348.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_1.png 1045w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Hello, everyone! For this installment of the Resource Roundup series, we are looking at <a href=\"https:\/\/shonagon.ninjal.ac.jp\/search_form\">Shonagon<\/a> (\u5c11\u7d0d\u8a00), an online corpus of contemporary written Japanese maintained by the National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ninjal.ac.jp\/english\/\">NINJAL<\/a>, \u56fd\u7acb\u56fd\u8a9e\u7814\u7a76\u6240).<\/p>\n<h2>Why I find this resource useful<\/h2>\n<p>For anyone unfamiliar with corpora, they are collections of written texts used by linguists to analyze and investigate language. I think of corpora as a purpose-built database of language. For example, I have created a corpus using railway-specific patent abstracts to identify terms unique to the rail industry for inclusion in WIPO\u2019s multilingual terminology portal, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wipo.int\/web\/wipo-pearl\">Pearl<\/a>. At work, I have been building customer-specific corpora to guide my terminology and stylistic translatorial choices. I have referenced the Corpus of Contemporary American English to ensure my into-English translation does not suffer from undue Japanese influence. And I have referenced Shonagon to check how Japanese terms are used in context and particle collocations. Corpora can be excellent tools to check language for specific purposes, to prepare for interpreting assignments in specific domains, to check for linguistic anachronisms, and more.<\/p>\n<h2>How to use Shonagon<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_2.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-727 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_2-300x158.png\" alt=\"screenshot showing Shonagon's search field and before\/after context fields\" width=\"300\" height=\"158\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_2-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_2.png 397w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>First, let\u2019s get familiar with Shonagon\u2019s search features. The search page has a simple set up. Your search field, \u691c\u7d22\u6587\u5b57\u4f8b, is at the very top followed by the \u691c\u7d22 and \u30af\u30ea\u30a2 buttons. There is also a link to include the context before\/after your target search term or phrase (more on this later.)<\/p>\n<p>Under the query section is a list for \u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\uff0f\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30eb. These can be used to refine\/restrict your search. You can search books, magazines, newspapers, white papers, textbooks, PR releases, Yahoo!\u77e5\u6075\u888b, Yahoo! Blogs, poetry, laws, and Diet proceedings (see first screenshot below).<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 33%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-1 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-1' class='gallery galleryid-711 gallery-columns-3 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Screenshot-2024-10-14-182452.png'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Screenshot-2024-10-14-182452-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-751\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-751'>\n\t\t\t\t\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u30fb\u30b8\u30e3\u30f3\u30eb\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_5.png'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_5-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-730\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-730'>\n\t\t\t\tYahoo!\u77e5\u6075\u888b categories expanded\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_6.png'><img width=\"150\" height=\"135\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_6-150x135.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"gallery-1-729\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt>\n\t\t\t\t<dd class='wp-caption-text gallery-caption' id='gallery-1-729'>\n\t\t\t\t\u56fd\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8b70\u9332 categories expanded\n\t\t\t\t<\/dd><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Each of these categories can be further refined. For example, the Yahoo!\u77e5\u6075\u888b selection can be refined to entertainment\/games or jobs or sports. \u56fd\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8b70\u9332 can be refined to \u672c\u4f1a\u8b70, \u5e38\u4efb\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3001\u7279\u5225\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u3001and \u305d\u306e\u4ed6 for both houses (see second and third screenshots above).<\/p>\n<p>Probably the easiest way to search is to enter your query into the \u691c\u7d22\u6587\u5b57\u4f8b field at the top. Any hits that match your query will appear on the next page. In my experience, it takes a few seconds for the results to pop up, so don\u2019t be worried if you don\u2019t immediately see a list of returns after you click \u691c\u7d22. I find quick searches like this super useful when I\u2019m translating into Japanese and want to check particle usage and conjugations. But sometimes a translator\u2019s needs are more niche. For example, if you are translating an article about pop culture, you may not care what hits your query would have in the \u56fd\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8b70\u9332. Or if you are translating a novel set in the 1980s, you may want to exclude anything from the 1990s onwards to avoid linguistic anachronisms.<\/p>\n<h2>Using Shonagon: Example 1<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_7.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-731 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_7-300x106.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"106\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_7-300x106.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_7-1024x360.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_7-768x270.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_7-1536x540.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_7.png 1868w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>By way of example, I looked up \u30a4\u30b1\u30e1\u30f3 (attractive man, hottie).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Here are the query results for \u30a4\u30b1\u30e1\u30f3 with all periods selected as searchable. Though it\u2019s not shown in this screenshot, the earliest instance of \u30a4\u30b1\u30e1\u30f3 is from 2001, which accounts for 2 of the 285 hits. Most hits were from 2005\u20132008. All 285 hits in the corpus came from 2001\u20132008. A translator may then think twice about using this term for source material that predates 2001.<\/p>\n<h2>Using Shonagon: Example 2<\/h2>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_8.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-716 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_8-300x286.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"286\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_8-300x286.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_8.png 730w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>Let\u2019s look at another example: parsing <a href=\"https:\/\/www3.nhk.or.jp\/news\/html\/20240910\/k10014577151000.html\">NHK public opinion polls about politicians<\/a>. As someone who learned Japanese in school, I sometimes encounter familiar words used in ways that do not make sense to me contextually. Take \u8a55\u4fa1 for example. For the longest time, I only knew this word in the sense of the neutral act \u201cto evaluate\u201d or, in accounting, \u201cto valuate.\u201d\u00a0 So when I heard NHK talking about opinion polls where the respondents answered with either \u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b or \u8a55\u4fa1\u3057\u306a\u3044, I realized my basic understanding was insufficient. Based on context, it was clear that \u8a55\u4fa1\u3059\u308b also has an intrinsic positive meaning and \u8a55\u4fa1\u3057\u306a\u3044 has a negative one. That understanding can be checked in a corpus like Shonagon.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_9.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-726 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_9-300x91.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"91\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_9-300x91.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_9.png 627w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>I did a basic search for \u8a55\u4fa1 using the media\/genre and timeframes shown below.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_10.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-725 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_10-186x300.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"186\" height=\"300\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_10-186x300.png 186w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_10.png 422w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 186px) 100vw, 186px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_11.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-724 alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_11-300x290.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"290\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_11-300x290.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_11.png 337w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The basic search returns more than 1,000 hits; the first four are shown below.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_12.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-723\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_12-300x117.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"117\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_12-300x117.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_12-1024x398.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_12-768x299.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_12-1536x597.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_12.png 1854w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>The bulk of the hits match the \u201cto evaluate\u201d meaning of \u8a55\u4fa1, as demonstrated in the following excerpts (click for larger screenshot).<\/p>\n\n\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 {\n\t\t\t\tmargin: auto;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-item {\n\t\t\t\tfloat: left;\n\t\t\t\tmargin-top: 10px;\n\t\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\t\t\t\twidth: 25%;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 img {\n\t\t\t\tborder: 2px solid #cfcfcf;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t#gallery-2 .gallery-caption {\n\t\t\t\tmargin-left: 0;\n\t\t\t}\n\t\t\t\/* see gallery_shortcode() in wp-includes\/media.php *\/\n\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t<div id='gallery-2' class='gallery galleryid-711 gallery-columns-4 gallery-size-thumbnail'><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_13.png'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_13-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_14.png'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_14-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_15.png'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_15-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><dl class='gallery-item'>\n\t\t\t<dt class='gallery-icon landscape'>\n\t\t\t\t<a href='https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_16.png'><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_16-150x150.png\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail\" alt=\"\" decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" \/><\/a>\n\t\t\t<\/dt><\/dl><br style=\"clear: both\" \/>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n<p>Before long, I did find matches for the new (to me) meaning of \u201capprove of.\u201d<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_17.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-718\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_17-300x116.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"116\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_17-300x116.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_17.png 434w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_18.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-717\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_18-300x27.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"27\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_18-300x27.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_18-1024x93.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_18-768x69.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_18-1536x139.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_18.png 1847w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_19.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-713 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_19-300x87.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"87\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_19-300x87.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_19-768x221.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_19.png 801w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a>But if looking for a needle in a haystack is not your thing, that\u2019s where the \u524d\u6587\u8108 and \u5f8c\u6587\u8108 feature can help narrow down results. You may enter whole sentences in these fields, but in my experience that is too limiting to be useful. My sample source text mentioned \u4e16\u8ad6\u8abf\u67fb. However, entering that into the \u524d\u6587\u8108 did not yield any results. Since my query term is often used in conjunction with \u8a55\u4fa1\u3057\u306a\u3044 as two options in a poll, I entered that in the \u5f8c\u6587\u8108 field (shown in the screenshot). That resulted in two hits, the content of which confirmed this new (to me) understanding of \u8a55\u4fa1 (shown in the following screenshot).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_20.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"alignnone size-medium wp-image-714\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_20-300x52.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"52\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_20-300x52.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_20-1024x176.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_20-768x132.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_20-1536x264.png 1536w, https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/Kotonoha_20.png 1873w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Demerits of Shonagon<\/h2>\n<p>As endlessly fascinating as corpora are, they\u2019re not perfect. As noted above, it takes Shonagon a few seconds to respond to your query. Shonagon\u2019s content is beautifully organized and easy to read, but also painfully static. You cannot manipulate the Key Word In Context (KWIC) display (basically the orange columns in the screenshots above). The columns cannot be filtered by year or author or what comes before or after your key word. Finally, the resource is also static. While the dates differ depending on the material, there is nothing older than 1976 and nothing newer than 2008. Despite these limitations, I think Shonagon can be an excellent resource for Japanese\u2013English linguists.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><em>By: Audra Lincoln<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Edited by: Syra Morii<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hello, everyone! For this installment of the Resource Roundup series, we are looking at Shonagon (\u5c11\u7d0d\u8a00), an online corpus of contemporary written Japanese maintained by the National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics (NINJAL, \u56fd\u7acb\u56fd\u8a9e\u7814\u7a76\u6240). Why I find this resource useful For anyone unfamiliar with corpora, they are collections of written texts used by linguists [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_genesis_hide_title":false,"_genesis_hide_breadcrumbs":false,"_genesis_hide_singular_image":false,"_genesis_hide_footer_widgets":false,"_genesis_custom_body_class":"","_genesis_custom_post_class":"","_genesis_layout":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[8,29,13],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/711"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=711"}],"version-history":[{"count":16,"href":"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/711\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":753,"href":"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/711\/revisions\/753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=711"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=711"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ata-divisions.org\/JLD\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=711"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}