English > Simplified Chinese
Linda Golley
Translators and editors: Pency Tsai, Tingting Qin, Min Chen, Mingshu Zhang, Junqiao Chen, Fang Gann, Yongmei Li, Renee Wang, and Liming Pals
Introduction
This glossary was the product of a watch party hosted by Min Chen and Liming Pals while participating in a free webinar named “Interpreting Coronavirus” on March 31st, 2020. The speaker was Linda Golley. She has a background in direct patient care, as well as in managing and training healthcare interpreters. She created the class Infection Control and Industrial Safety for Medical Interpreters. Ms. Golley presently creates classes for healthcare staff, social workers, and interpreters as a Training and Development Specialist at MasterWord Services.
Before the webinar, we were given a glossary template, which was then divided into six parts to be translated by the colleagues who were in the watch party. Min Chen, Fang Gann, Liming Pals, Junqiao Che, Mingshu Zhang and Pency Tsai translated this glossary and many other colleagues provided feedback and revisions.
We would like to share this glossary with all of you, our fellow linguists. We also welcome any feedback and recommendations. If you have any feedback or questions, please do not hesitate to contact Liming Pals at limingpals@gmail.com.
Virus Biology
| Term | Definition | Translation |
| coronavirus as a group | Group of related animal and human viruses which share an appearance like a crown. Includes SARS, MERS, and common cold viruses. RNA viruses. Infect the respiratory tract: lungs, airways. | 冠状病毒(泛称）
|
| coronavirus, shorthand for the organism causing the pandemic | Popular name of the specific virus causing pandemic.
Do NOT say Chinese virus |
冠状病毒，引起这场全球流行病的微生物
|
| COVID-19 | Name of disease caused by SARS CoV-2 | 2019冠状病毒（疾）病
|
| novel coronavirus | A newly active coronavirus in humans. We called SARS CoV-2 this before it had been identified and studied. | 新型冠状病毒 |
| SARS CoV-2
|
Name of virus causing present pandemic | 严重急性呼吸综合症冠状病毒2
|
| virus | Group of extremely small living things which do not have a cell structure of their own. Viruses must take over a cell of a different organism and use the cell’s tools to reproduce itself.
Do NOT say germ or bacteria. |
病毒 |
| zoonotic virus | Virus which lives in an animal host normally, but which has now mutated to being able to infect humans and reproduce in humans as well. | 动物源病毒
|
Viral Illness
| Term | Definition | Translation |
| anosmia | Loss of sense of smell | 嗅觉丧失 |
| asymptomatic | Not showing any symptoms. Do NOT say person is not sick. | 无症状 |
| incubation period | Period of time from time first virus lands on hospitable tissue and begins to reproduce to the time that the person feels ill. Incubation period for Covid-19 is variable from about 5 to 12 days. | 潜伏期 |
| septic shock | Over-reaction of the body to an infection, so that immune cells attach the body itself and can cause organ failure |
败血性休克 |
| signs | Measurable indications of disease: fever, vomiting | 症兆
|
| symptoms | Feelings of being ill, for example: pain, nausea | 症状 |
| syndrome | Set of abnormal conditions which appear together | 综合症 |
| underlying conditions | Significant medical condition which pre-existed the current illness | 基础疾病
|
| viral pneumonia, and secondary bacterial pneumonia | Covid-19 can include viral pneumonia, or infection of the lungs directly by the virus. This weakens the lungs and makes them easy for bacteria to infect as well, which causes severe illness. |
继发细菌性肺炎
|
Transmission of Disease
| Term | Definition | Translation |
| transmission | Move from one place to another. Virus can be transmitted from people to people or from environment to person. SARS CoV-2 is transmitted between humans via respiratory droplets. | 传播 |
| contamination | Germs present on surface or in a substance | 污染 |
| viral shedding | Infected person’s body sends out virus in breath, tears, poop, urine, mucous membranes, regardless of whether person has symptoms | 病毒脱落 |
| droplets | Water and mucous that is expelled from the lungs and respiratory system into the air upon breathing, coughing , and sneezing | 飞沫 |
| exposure to the virus | A person was close enough to a sick person or was in an environment in which a sick person was recently present and possibly shedding virus | 接触病毒 |
| infection | The virus has landed on tissue which allows the virus to take over cells and reproduce themselves | 感染 |
| colonization | The human host has the virus on or in the body, but the virus is not reproducing and is not making the host sick. | 移生 |
| infectious person | Person is capable of infecting other humans. With covid-19 a person infects others via shedding virus into respiratory droplets which are coughed out and breathed out, primarily. Covid-19 patients also shed virus in poop. | 有传染性的人 |
| antibody formation | The body identifies an enemy and creates molecules which bond with the enemy pieces when it finds them, and targets these enemy pieces for destruction | 抗体生成
|
| virulence | How damaging the disease is to the infected person. Covid-19 is more virulent than the common cold, and less virulent than SARS and MERS. | 毒性 |
| infectiousness | How easily the virus can be transmitted from one human to another. Measles is extremely infectious, whereas HIV is not very infectious. | 传染性 |
| route of transmission | The way that a virus is transmitted or moved between people. SARS CoV-2 is transmitted by droplets, not by sexual contact nor by oral-fecal route. | 传播途径 |
| stealth spreaders | People who move through the community shedding virus and infecting others, without a clue that they are doing so | 隐形传播者 |
Prevention of Viral Disease and Management of the Pandemic
| Term | Definition | Translation |
| antibacterial soap and products | Kills bacteria. NOT effective against viruses. | 抗菌皂和抗菌产品 |
| antibiotic | Medication kills bacteria, not effective against viruses. | 抗生素 |
| antibodies | Elements created in a person’s body which will recognize the specific virus that the person has been exposed to, either by vaccination or by previous exposure to the disease, and which attach and destroy the virus | 抗体 |
| disinfectant, anti-microbial | Effective against most viruses, bacteria, and fungi | 消毒剂， 抗菌剂 |
| epidemic | Fast spread of a significant disease | 传染病 |
| isolation | Keeping a person away from others, either if he is sick or is trying to not get sick, or if he wants to stay apart until it is clear whether he is sick or not | 隔离 |
| pandemic | Fast spread of a significant disease over a very large geographic area | 流行病 |
| presumed vs confirmed case | A presumed infected case is a person who is showing symptoms consistent with the disease, but a test to confirm this has not been done. A confirmed case is a person whose RNA test has come back showing that the person’s body has the virus active in it. | 疑似病例对比确诊病例 |
| quarantine | Separation of people who are not sick but who have been exposed to illness, to wait out the incubation period | 隔离/强制隔离
（理由：剑桥字典的定义是：impose isolation on (a person, animal or place)，如果翻译成隔离，就与isolation无异了） |
| screening for coronavirus | NOT a test. Screening is a check for symptoms or signs, but does not involve taking samples of body fluids. Screening takes only minutes, may be a questionnaire and temperature. | 冠状病毒筛查 |
| shelter in place | Staying home and going out very seldom | 居家令/就地隔离/居家避疫 |
| Shielding | Keeping vulnerable people away from public contact | 防护 |
| social distancing
|
Maintaining 3 to 6 feet of distance between people, as well as staying home away from contact with others | 保持社交距离 |
| testing for coronavirus antibodies, serological survey | Reveals if a person has been exposed to a virus and has produced antibodies, even if the person never felt sick | 冠状病毒抗体测试，血清学检测 |
| testing for coronavirus-RNA | Reveals if person’s body fluids contain recognizable fragments of the RNA from the specific virus | 冠状病毒-核糖核酸测试 |
| Vaccination | Injecting a portion of the viral proteins so as to trigger a person to create protective antibodies | 疫苗
|
Treatment of Viral Disease
| Term | Definition | Translation |
| antiviral medication | No medication is presently effective against SARS CoV-2, but if such a medication is developed, it will specifically target a process that the virus uses to break into cells or a process that allows the virus to make copies of itself | 抗病毒药物 |
| respirator | A machine which assists the lungs to breathe and to deliver enough oxygen to the blood moving through the alveoli
Distinguish from respirator mask, which is used to protect against airborne disease like tuberculosis.
|
呼吸器
（注：respirator mask 是口罩） |
| triage | Assessing how serious the patient’s condition is, and how likely it is that treatment will help them | 分诊 |
| ventilator | See “respirator.” | 呼吸机 |
Related Device and Medicine
| Personal Protective Equipment –PPE | 个人防护装备 | |
| median incubation period | 中位潜伏期 | |
| presymptomactic | 症状显现前的 | 指的是一类尚末有症状, 但将出现症状的核酸阳性患者; |
| asymptomatic | 无临床症状的 | 是指一直不会出现症状的患者 |
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